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Common Raven

Corvus corax (Linnaeus, 1758)

Ворон | Құзғын

2010-08-17
Tarbagatai foothills, Eastern Kazakhstan
© Gennadiy Dyakin

Distribution

Sporadically nests in the forests, mountains and hills all over Kazakhstan, excluding the central part of it. More detailed distribution in Kazakhstan, please see in Subspecies section.

Biology

Rare resident. Inhabits the deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests on plains, and the rocks of alpine zone in mountains at 1500-2000 m in Altai and 1500-3000 m in Tien Shan. Breeds in separate pairs at 5-10 km apart. Nest is located on tree (pine, for example) or cliff ledge; nest is built from dry twigs and is lined with plenty of animal hair, some pieces of paper, rags and ropes. Clutch of 4-7 eggs is laid in late March – early May. Only female incubates over 19-21 days, male feed her. Both parents feed juveniles which fledge at age about one month, in late May to late July.

Subspecies

Corvus corax corax (Linnaeus, 1758)

    Description. Upper breast is black with a bluish or violet shine. Long gular feathers are shorter than in tibetanus. Wing length of males is 407-470 mm (438), of females 382-462 mm (433).
    Distribution. Breeding in Naurzum Reserve, in Northern Kazakhstan and in southwest Altai. The brood recorded at June 13, 1982 on Koktau mount in Kalbinskiy Altai. Inhabits Zaysan depression, Monrak, Tarbagatay and Saur ridges. At once recorded on Tengiz lake 27 November 1990.

Corvus corax laurencei (Hume, 1873)

    Description. Upper breast is brownish or brown (the brown colouring is absent in fresh plumage). Long gular feathers are the same length as in corax, shorter than in tibetanus. In average smaller than tibetanus. Wing length of males and females is 405-471 mm (442).
    Distribution. Breeding on Mangyshlak, in Kyzylkum desert and probably east through Karatau ridge and Chu-Iliyskiye Mts. up to south-western spurs of Dzhungarskiy Alatau, where also occurs in winter.

Corvus corax tibetanus (Hodgson, 1849)

    Description. Upper breast is brownish (the brown colouring is absent at birds in completely fresh plumage). Gular feathering longer, the general size averages more than laurencei. Wing length of males 438-512 mm (472).
    Distribution. Breeding on high and middle altitudes in Tien Shan.

References

Gavrilov E. I., Gavrilov A. E. "The Birds of Kazakhstan". Almaty, 2005. Э.И.Гаврилов. "Фауна и распространение птиц Казахстана". Алматы, 1999. В.К.Рябицев. "Птицы Урала, Приуралья и Западной Сибири". Екатеринбург. Изд-во Уральского университета, 2000.

supplement

subspecies

Corvus corax corax
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Corvus corax laurencei
(Hume, 1873)
Corvus corax tibetanus
(Hodgson, 1849)

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